In the United States, approximately $500 million annually is spent on drugs for the treatment of HF. The total inpatient and outpatient costs for HF in 1991 were approximately $38.1 billion, which was approximately 5.4% of the healthcare budget that year ( 1). HF is the most common Medicare diagnosis-related group, and more Medicare dollars are spent for the diagnosis and treatment of HF than for any other diagnosis ( 5). Approximately 6% to 10% of people older than 65 years have HF ( 4), and approximately 80% of patients hospitalized with HF are more than 65 years old ( 2). HFs primarily a disease of the elderly ( 3). Nearly 300,000 patients die of HF as a primary or contributory cause each year, and the number of deaths has increased steadily despite advances in treatment. During the last 10 years, the annual number of hospitalizations has increased from approximately 550,000 to nearly 900,000 for HF as a primary diagnosis and from 1.7 to 2.6 million for HF as a primary or secondary diagnosis ( 2). The disorder is the underlying reason for 12 to 15 million office visits and 6.5 million hospital days each year ( 1). Nearly 5 million patients in this country have HF, and nearly 500,000 patients are diagnosed with HF for the first time each year. Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem in the United States. Customer Service and Ordering InformationĪCC/AHA Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure).Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).
Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).
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